Tham khảo Chuỗi_Markarian

  1. ↑ https://www.astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/NGC%204000%20-%204999%20(11-30-17).htm
  2. 1 2 French, Sue (2004). “Deep-Sky Wonders: Markarian's Chain”. Sky & Telescope. 107 (5): 88–91.
  3. ↑ Markarian, B.E. (1961). “Physical chain of galaxies in the Virgo cluster and its dynamic instability”. Astronomical Journal. 66: 555–557. Bibcode:1961AJ.....66..555M.
  4. ↑ Litzroth, E. (1983). “The Markarian chain of galaxies in the constellation Virgo”. Astronomische Nachrichten. 304 (2): 69–72. Bibcode:1983AN....304...69L. doi:10.1002/asna.2113040204. ISSN 0004-6337.
  5. ↑ Meurers, J. (1977). “Markarian's Chain of Galaxies in Virgo”. Astronomische Nachrichten. 298: 103–106. Bibcode:1977AN....298..103M. doi:10.1002/asna.19772980206.
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